TRENDS IN CIGARETTE-SMOKING AMONG US PHYSICIANS AND NURSES

Objective.-To determine trends in cigarette smoking prevalence among p hysicians, registered nurses, and licensed practical nurses since 1974 . Design.-Analyses of data on smoking prevalence among persons 20 year s of age and older using combined National Health interview Survey dat a sets from 1974, 1976, and 1977; 1978, 1979, and 1980; 1983 and 1985; 1987 and 1988; and 1990 and 1991. Main Outcome Measures.-Prevalence o f cigarette smoking and average annual change in smoking prevalence. R esults.-Based on the data for 1990 and 1991, there were an estimated 1 8 000 physicians, 322 000 registered nurses, and 128 000 licensed prac tical nurses who smoked cigarettes in the United States. Compared with 1974, 1976, and 1977, by 1990 and 1991 cigarette smoking prevalence h ad declined from 18.8% to 3.3% among physicians (average annual declin e of 1.15 percentage points); from 31.7% to 18.3% among registered nur ses (average annual decline of 0.88 percentage point); and from 37.1% to 27.2% among licensed practical nurses (average annual decline of 0. 62 percentage point). Conclusion.-Since 1974, cigarette smoking has de clined most rapidly among physicians, at an intermediate rate among re gistered nurses, and at a lower rate among licensed practical nurses. Because of their important roles as exemplars and health educators, pe rsons in these occupations should not smoke.