Class III antiarrhythmic agents are characterized by their ability to
prolong action potential and increase refractoriness. The use of these
drugs, namely sotalol hydrochloride and amiodarone hydrochloride, is
rising. Both agents are effective for treating a range of ventricular
arrhythmias, and amiodarone in particular has been linked with improve
d mortality in certain patient populations compared with class I agent
s. Sotalol and amiodarone have individual, complex pharmacologic profi
les. As a result, there are also differences in their side effects and
proarrhythmic actions. Sotalol is associated with side effects relate
d to beta-adrenergic blockade and an incidence of proarrhythmia simila
r to that of class Ia agents. Amiodarone is associated with pulmonary
toxicity and other adverse events, but rarely induces torsades de poin
tes. These agents must be differentiated from pure class III potassium
channel blockers, such as the dextro isomer form of sotalol, which is
linked to increased mortality compared with placebo in post-myocardia
l infarction patients with reduced ventricular function or a history o
f heart failure.