THE EFFECT OF GRAIN SOURCE AND GRAIN PROCESSING ON PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT CATTLE - A REVIEW

Citation
Fn. Owens et al., THE EFFECT OF GRAIN SOURCE AND GRAIN PROCESSING ON PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT CATTLE - A REVIEW, Journal of animal science, 75(3), 1997, pp. 868-879
Citations number
33
Categorie Soggetti
Agriculture Dairy & AnumalScience
Journal title
ISSN journal
00218812
Volume
75
Issue
3
Year of publication
1997
Pages
868 - 879
Database
ISI
SICI code
0021-8812(1997)75:3<868:TEOGSA>2.0.ZU;2-Y
Abstract
Effects of grain species and grain processing method on DMI, rate and efficiency of gain, and feeding value for cattle fed high concentrate diets were appraised by statistically compiling results from 605 compa risons from feeding trials published in North American journals and ex periment station bulletins since 1974. Metabolizable energy (ME) value s for each grain and processing method were calculated by quadratic pr ocedures from DMI and animal performance. Averaged across processing m ethods, ME values for corn, mile, and wheat grain (3.40, 3.22, and 3.4 6 Mcal/kg DM) fell within 9% of ME estimates from NRC (1996) for beef cattle. In contrast, ME values for barley and oats grain (3.55 and 3.4 6 Mcal/kg DM) were 24% and 17% greater than NRC (1996) estimates. Comp ared with the dry rolled forms, high moisture corn and mile resulted i n lower ADG and DMI. Compared with dry rolling, either steam rolling o r flaking of corn, mile, and wheat decreased DMI without decreasing AD G and improved feed efficiency by 10, 15, and 10%, respectively. Compa red with dry rolled grain, steam flaking increased (P < .05) body weig ht-adjusted ME of corn and mile grain by 15 and 21%, respectively; bod y weight-adjusted ME for whole corn was 9% greater(P .05) than for rol led corn grain. Steam flaking was surprisingly effective (13%) at incr easing (P < .05) the body weight-adjusted ME of wheat, but steam flaki ng failed to increase the ME of barley and oats. Higher moisture conte nt of high-moisture corn decreased dry matter intake without depressin g ADG and improved efficiency and increased ME of the grain. Compared with steam flakes of moderate thinness, processing mile or barley to a very thin flake tended to reduce ADG and failed to improve feed effic iency. The ideal roughage source and roughage moisture content for max imum ME and ADG varied with grain processing method. Feeding corn sila ge rather than alfalfa and wet rather than dry roughage depressed (P < .01) ADG of cattle and reduced (P < .01) body weight-adjusted ME of c attle fed high-moisture corn grain but tended to increase both with st eam-flaked corn or wheat.