Of the 25 cases of entrapment, or compression syndrome of the posterio
r interosseous nerve of the forearm reported, 23 were treated surgical
ly. The compressing or entrapping factors found during the operations
consisted of 14 sites in tendinous tissues, 12 in vessels, 6 in scar a
dhesions, and 3 unclear. Of 11 cases each had 2 or more compression si
tes. 19 patients underwent local decompression. And 4 cases had membra
nous and degenerated nerves resection and end-to-end anastomoses. Hype
rtrophy and inflammation appeared to be the main pathological changes
in 10 cases. The causes and pathology are discussed and the early diag
nosis and treatment emphasized.