According to a common conception of causality, the truth of a statemen
t that refers only to phenomena confined to an earlier time cannot dep
end upon which measurement an experimenter will freely choose to perfo
rm at a later time. According to a common idea of the theory of relati
vity this causality condition should be valid in all Lorentz frames. I
t is shown here that this concept of relativistic causality is incompa
tible with some simple predictions of quantum theory. (C) 1997 America
n Association of Physics Teachers.