Ll. Jacoby et al., IN DEFENSE OF FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE - VIOLATIONS OF ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING THE PROCESS-DISSOCIATION PROCEDURE, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, 23(2), 1997, pp. 484-495
T. Curran and D. L. Hintzman (1995) claim to have shown that the indep
endence assumption underlying the process-dissociation procedure (L. L
. Jacoby, 1991) is not justified. They argued that correlations betwee
n processes at the level of items can result in an underestimation of
automatic processes large enough to produce artifactual dissociations
between process estimates. In contrast, the authors show that the effe
cts of extremely high correlations at the level of items are likely to
be trivial, and not differential across conditions. Curran and Hintzm
an's dissociations probably reflect violations of boundary conditions
for use of the process-dissociation procedure, rather than violations
of independence.