OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM DYNAMICS OF AN INFLATIONARY PHASE-TRANSITION

We study the nonlinear dynamics of an inflationary phase transition in a quartically self-coupled inflaton model within the framework of a d e Sitter background. Large N and Hartree nonperturbative approximation s combined with nonequilibrium field theory methods are used to study the self-consistent time evolution including back reaction effects. We find that when the system cools down from an initial temperature T-i> T-c to below T-c with the initial value of the zero mode of the inflat on phi(0)much less than m lambda(-1/4), the dynamics is determined by the growth of long-wavelength quantum fluctuations. For phi(0)much gre ater than m lambda(-1/4) the dynamics is determined by the evolution o f the classical zero mode. In the regime where spinodal quantum fluctu ations give the most important contribution to the nonequilibrium dyna mics, we find that they modify the equation of state providing a grace ful exit from the inflationary stage. Inflation ends through this new mechanism at a time scale t(s) greater than or equal to[H/m(2)]ln[lamb da(-1)] which for H greater than or equal to m and very weak coupling allows over one hundred e-folds during the de Sitter phase. Spatially correlated domains grow to be of horizon size and quantum fluctuations ''freeze-out'' for times t>t(s).