In this paper we review recent work on aspects of aphid biology relate
d to evolution and genetics, and suggest some directions for future re
search. Sections include aphid annual cycles, sexual reproduction, cyt
ogenetics, classical genetics and molecular generics, as well as the i
nfluence of annual cycle components on the genetic structure of aphid
populations. The related topic of symbiont genome, evolution and funct
ion is also briefly reviewed.