A. Prosperetti et Hn. Oguz, AIR ENTRAINMENT UPON LIQUID IMPACT, Philosophical transactions-Royal Society of London. Physical sciences and engineering, 355(1724), 1997, pp. 491-506
The impact of round and plane liquid jets on plane liquid surfaces is
simulated numerically on the basis of a potential flow model. It is fo
und that the mass of the jet is as important as its momentum in determ
ining the flow. For sufficiently long jets and small Froude numbers ai
r cavities are entrained. Entrainment is more unlikely in two dimensio
ns than in three.