This paper examines the effects of the Prospective Payment System on t
he behavior of hospitals with respect to their capital allocations and
the efficiency with which they produce in-patient care. A theoretical
model adapted from Pope [1989] yields the testable hypotheses that as
a hospital's Medicare population increases the hospital will supply g
reater levels of capital and produce in-patient care using less techni
cally efficient methods. A two stage test of these hypotheses is run o
n a sample of US non-federal hospitals. Results from patient demand fu
nctions and a stochastic profit frontier are consistent with the theor
etical model.