Experiments on hologram recording in porous structure obtained by the
sol-gel technology were performed. It was shown that holograms with a
diffraction efficiency close to 100% can be obtained with the exposure
of about 0.1 J/cm. A pronounced birefringence was observed in dry sam
ples, but it diminished upon immersion in liquids. To explain this eff
ect, a theoretical model was developed. It was shown that even a low a
symmetry in pore structure leads to a pronounced birefringence.