GLASS CEILINGS OR DEAD ENDS - JOB PROMOTION OF MEN AND WOMEN COMPARED

Alternative hypotheses that explain the differences in the rate at whi ch male and female workers are promoted to higher job levels are empir ically tested. It is found that women are less frequently in jobs that offer promotion possibilities than men. However, given that women are in jobs that offer promotion opportunities, they are not less likely to be promoted to another job within the firm. That women have jobs th at offer promotion less frequently than men is due to differences in t reatment rather than differences in characteristics.