Cd. Ryff et Sm. Heidrich, EXPERIENCE AND WELL-BEING - EXPLORATIONS ON DOMAINS OF LIFE AND HOW THEY MATTER, International journal of behavioral development, 20(2), 1997, pp. 193-206
The guiding question was how past life experiences are linked with adu
lts' assessments of their present and future well-being. Typical event
s and transitions (normative experiences) were contrasted with atypica
l stresses (non-normative experiences). A sample of 308 men and women,
divided between young, midlife, and older adults, completed past life
event inventories and rated themselves on multiple dimensions of well
-being (concurrently and prospectively). Hierarchical regression analy
ses revealed that normative events were significant predictors of mult
iple aspects of present and future wellness, but there were marked age
differences in which domains were key influences: For young adults, l
ife activities were primary; for midlife adults, greatest variance was
explained by the family and friends domain; in late life, prior work
and educational experiences were strongest predictors of well-being. N
on-normative events were significant positive predictors of only perso
nal growth in young adults.