M. Koca et al., BREAKING SO(3) INTO ITS CLOSED SUBGROUPS BY HIGGS MECHANISM, Journal of physics. A, mathematical and general, 30(6), 1997, pp. 2109-2125
A gauged SO(3) symmetry is broken into its closed subgroups by Higgs s
calars belonging to the irreducible representations characterized by j
= 2, 3, 4 and 6. Explicit matrix decompositions of the irreducible re
presentations of SO(3) in terms of the irreducible representations of
the closed subgroups are made manifest. Analogous structures between t
he line defects of liquid crystals and the cosmic strings are notified
.