FUNDAMENTAL-STUDIES TO DEVELOP THE MAINTE NANCE FREE LEAD-ACID-BATTERIES .2. INFLUENCE OF POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL COMPOSITION ON CYCLE LIFE OF LEAD-ACID-BATTERIES

The life of lead-acid batteries applied for deep-discharge mode is str ongly influenced by their positive plates. Suboxides form and remain i n the active material of positive plates after formation. Therefore, t he influence of suboxides on battery characteristics has been explored . The results are as follows: 1) The suboxide changes into lead sulfat e during either storage or charge . discharge, progress decreasing the sulfuric acid concentration. 2) The lead sulfate fixed inside the pos itive plate decreases the battery capacity. 3) The PbO2 conversion rat io influences the initial capacity, but has little effect on the charg e . discharge cycle. 4) An increase in the porosity, thickness, and wa rp of the positive plate occurs with increasing the amount of suboxide .