SILVER CATALYZED CYCLIZATION OF ALKYNOIC ACIDS - EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF 3-ALKYLIDENEPHTHALIDES, GAMMA-ALKYLIDENEBUTENOLIDES, AND GAMMA-ALKYLIDENEBUTYROLACTONES
Y. Ogawa et al., SILVER CATALYZED CYCLIZATION OF ALKYNOIC ACIDS - EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF 3-ALKYLIDENEPHTHALIDES, GAMMA-ALKYLIDENEBUTENOLIDES, AND GAMMA-ALKYLIDENEBUTYROLACTONES, Heterocycles, 41(11), 1995, pp. 2587-2599
The cyclization of 2-pentynylbenzoic acid (1a) catalyzed by various si
lver salts and solvents was investigated. 2-Alkynylbenzoic acids (1),
2-alken-4-ynoic acids (7), and 4-alkynoic acids (4) were effectively c
yclized to the corresponding phthalides (2), gamma-alkylidenebutenolid
es (8), and gamma-alkylidenebutyrolactones (5) with silver iodide or s
ilver as catalyst in DMF regio- and stereo-selectively in excellent yi
eld, respectively.