3-DIMENSIONAL METHOD FOR SIMULATION OF MULTIMODE INTERFERENCE COUPLERS

A three-dimensional (3-D) method for modeling multimode interference d evices based on a finite element formulation is presented as an altern ative to models having one-dimensional cross-sections only, The method is tested for couplers with two different strongly confined waveguide s structures. The results show that full treatment of two-dimensional cross-section is of special importance for design and simulation of wa veguide devices for which the effective index approximation is no long er valid. For deep rib waveguide geometries, excess loss greater than 15 dB can be obtained if the 3-D method is not used in the design of t he couplers.