ENDOSCOPIC BALLOON SPHINCTEROPLASTY (PAPILLARY DILATION) FOR BILE-DUCT STONES - EFFICACY, SAFETY, AND FOLLOW-UP IN 100 PATIENTS

Background: Because sphincterotomy accounts for a major portion of the morbidity and mortality associated with ERCP, we have proposed endosc opic balloon papillary dilation or sphincteroplasty as an alternative. Methods: We report the outcome in a series of 100 patients in whom ba lloon sphincteroplasty was attempted for bile duct stones up to 20 mm in diameter, with a median follow-up of 16 months (range 6 to 30). Res ults: During one ERCP session using sphincteroplasty alone, the bile d uct was cleared in 78%, mechanical lithotripsy being required in 10% f or stones greater than 12 mm in diameter. Incomplete duct clearance wa s achieved in a further 4%, all of whom underwent repeat ERCP with suc cessful duct clearance without recourse to sphincterotomy. Failure to clear the bile duct with sphincteroplasty in the remaining 18% was pri marily related to large stone size (> 15 mm). Sphincterotomy was requi red to clear the duct in 7%. Another 6% comprised elderly high-risk pa tients with multiple large stones greater than 15 mm who were treated by stent insertion plus ursodeoxycholic acid. No papillary hemorrhage was observed; uncomplicated pancreatitis occurred in 5%. During a medi an follow-up of 16 months, 2% had recurrent symptomatic bile duct ston es considered to have been unrecognized following the initial ERCP; th ese were removed after repeat sphincteroplasty. No clinical evidence o f papillary stenosis was observed during follow-up. Conclusions: Endos copic balloon papillary dilation or sphincteroplasty is a safe and eff ective alternative to sphincterotomy in the management: of bile duct s tones less than 12 mm; larger stones may require mechanical lithotrips y to facilitate duct clearance.