Background: Tibial mononeuropathy due to compression by a synovial cys
t is uncommon with fewer than 10 cases reported in the literature. Met
hod: Case Study. Results: Tibial motor mononeuropathy with focal condu
ction block between the popliteal fossa and ankle was identified by el
ectrophysiological testing. Magnetic resonance imaging and surgical ex
ploration identified a synovial cyst compressing the nerve just distal
to the popliteal fossa, Conclusions: The combination of electrophysio
logical localization and imaging in cases of unexplained tibial monone
uropathy may identify an unexpected structural cause.