From an ecological point of view, the middle-sized pelagic fish, speci
ally Trachurus spp and Scomber spp, are located between the little-pel
agic fish (pilchards and anchovies) and the big migrators ones (tuna a
nd related species). Its ecological rol has been considered as a parti
cular level between the zooplanktivorous fish and the strictly piscivo
rous ones. These species have a global biomass between the other two g
roups of fish, that is to say, less that the little one and more than
the big one. It is necessary to consider three distinctive aspects of
the middle-sized pelagic fish: 1st. Its longevity with several age-gro
ups in the different stocks of these species. 2nd. Its trphic plastici
ty, and 3rd. the high swimming capacity and resistant. As results of t
hese three characteristics the populations of these species show a hig
h stability and a major capacity of expansion, occuping, by replacemen
t, the niches leaved by the over-exploited little-sized pelagic fish s
pecies. The total catches of pelagic fish species, in a high scale, do
not show this capacity of replacement in a clear way. The analysis of
specific fisheries shows that when the biomass of the little-sized pe
lagic fish decreased, it is followed by a significative increase of th
e middle sized pelagic fish biomass. These are several fishing grounds
in the world that have experimented a collapse of stocks of little-si
zed fish and quick rise, in biomass, of the middle-sized ones. The fis
heries off the namibian coast are an excellent example. In this area t
he fisherie on Sardinops ocellata collapsed and was follow by a strong
increase in catches of Trachurus trecae and T. capensis. The japanese
fisherie of Sardinops melanosticta has experienced a significative de
cline compensate by a high expansion and increase in catches of Scombe
r japonicua. If a longer longevity with a more age groups in the popul
ation mean a higher stability, the wide trophic spectrum (zooplankton
and small fish, and even phytoplankton) capacitate to these species to
be much more competitives than other fish species during low favourab
le trophic conditions. The high swimming capacity, in the horizontal a
nd vertical planes, facilitate to search for food in a more extensive
areas, than that covered for the little-sized pelagic fish strongly de
pendents of the productive areas on the shelf (upwelling). As a result
of all these characteristics,the middle-sized pelagic fish species sh
ow an important and quick expansion of their populations, occuping the
depletioned zones and support a high fishing presure.