Ws. Aronow et al., ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS ASSOCIATED WITH ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION IN 1,699 PATIENTS AGED GREATER-THAN-60 YEARS, The American journal of cardiology, 76(16), 1995, pp. 1191
Atrial fibrillation was present in 254 of 1,699 patients (15%) (mean a
ge 81 +/- 8 years). Echocardiographic risk factors for chronic atrial
fibrillation included rheumatic mitral stenosis, left atrial enlargeme
nt, abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction, valvular aortic steno
sis, mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation, left ventricular hype
rtrophy, and mitral annular calcium.