U. Rinas et al., ENTRY OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI INTO STATIONARY-PHASE IS INDICATED BY ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS ACCUMULATION OF NUCLEOBASES, Applied and environmental microbiology, 61(12), 1995, pp. 4147-4151
Endogenous and exogenous accumulation of nucleobases was observed when
Escherichia coli entered the stationary phase. The onset of the stati
onary phase was accompanied by excretion of uracil and xanthine, Excep
t for uracil and xanthine, other nucleobases (except for minor amounts
of hypoxanthine), nucleosides, and nucleotides (except for cyclic AMP
) were not detected in significant amounts in the culture medium. In a
ddition to exogenous accumulation of nucleobases, stationary-phase cel
ls increased the endogenous concentrations of free nucleobases. In con
trast to extracellular nucleobases, hypoxanthine was the dominating in
tracellular nucleobase and xanthine was present only in minor concentr
ations inside the cells. Excretion of nucleobases was always connected
to declining growth rates. It was observed in response to entry into
the stationary phase independent of the initial cause of the cessation
of cell growth (e.g., starvation for essential nutrients), In additio
n, transient accumulation of exogenous nucleobases was observed during
perturbations of balanced growth conditions such as energy source dow
nshifts. The nucleobases uracil and xanthine are the final breakdown p
roducts of pyrimidine (uracil and cytosine) and purine (adenine and gu
anine) bases, respectively, Hypoxanthine is the primary degradation pr
oduct of adenine, which is further oxidized to xanthine. The endogenou
s and exogenous accumulation of these nucleobases in response to entry
into the stationary phase is attributed to degradation of rRNA.