The highly conserved protein gamma-tubulin is required for microtubule
nucleation in vivo. When viewed in the electron microscope, a highly
purified gamma-tubulin complex from Xenopus consisting of at least sev
en different proteins is seen to have an open ring structure. This com
plex acts as an active microtubule-nucleating unit which can cap the m
inus ends of microtubules in vitro.