Succinct aspects of clinical features, pathophysiology and prognosis o
f nephrotic syndrome in childhood, and indications for performing rena
l biopsy are enumerated in this review. Orthodox treatment of the neph
rotic syndrome with more recent therapeutic approaches, and the role o
f diuretics, albumin infusions and immunizations in patients with the
nephrotic syndrome are reviewed. The etiology of peritonitis, acute re
nal failure, and renal transplantation are re-examined to update nephr
ologists on the associated complications of this common childhood dise
ase.