A. Carlstrom et Lmh. Ulander, VALIDATION OF BACKSCATTER MODELS FOR LEVEL AND DEFORMED SEA-ICE IN ERS-1 SAR IMAGES, International journal of remote sensing, 16(17), 1995, pp. 3245-3266
Backscatter models for level and deformed ice are evaluated based on i
n situ measurements of Baltic sea-ice and the results are compared wit
h coincident ERS-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. A two-layer sc
attering model is used for level ice with a dry snow cover. The result
s show that ice surface scattering dominates in the pack ice, while sc
attering from the ice-water interface and ice volume scattering are im
portant in the fast ice where the salinity is very low. For deformed i
ce which consists of large ice blocks, a two-component model is formul
ated and shown to be independent of the block size distribution. By ev
aluating the model based on in situ data it is concluded that specular
reflections dominate, whereas the small-scale roughness is of less im
portance. An approach for data inversion is also described, which esti
mates the ice surface roughness from ERS-1 SAR images during dry snow
conditions.