LYSOSOMAL AND NONLYSOSOMAL PROTEASE ACTIVITIES OF THE BRAIN IN RESPONSE TO ETHANOL FEEDING

The contribution of impaired degradative processes to the cellular cha nges occurring in the brain as a consequence of chronic ethanol exposu re was assessed. Male Wistar rats were fed nutritionally adequate liqu id diets containing ethanol as 35% of total dietary calories. Controls were pair-fed identical amounts of the same diet in which ethanol was replaced by isocaloric glucose. The results showed that at the end of 3 weeks the activities of neutral protease (nonlysosomal) and catheps in D (lysosomal) were unaltered. However, there were significant eleva tions in the activities of the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B, regardles s of whether the activities were expressed relative to wet weight (p = 0.005), protein (p = 0.006), or DNA (p = 0.045). In addition, we show ed that the activities of cathepsin B were not significantly affected by additions of carnosine or acetaldehyde, in vitro. However, neutral protease activities were increased by carnosine additions in vitro. We conclude that selective alterations in brain protease activities may be contributing factors in the genesis of alcoholic brain disorders.