EFFECTS OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO ALCOHOL, SMOKING, AND ILLICIT DRUGS ON POSTPARTUM SOMATIC GROWTH

The association of fetal growth retardation with prenatal exposure to alcohol, smoking, opiates, and cocaine is well documented, but relativ ely little is known about the effects of these exposures on postpartum growth. This study assessed physical growth from birth through 6.5 an d 13 months in 412 black, inner-city infants recruited on the basis of their mothers' use of alcohol and/or cocaine during pregnancy. Prenat al alcohol exposure was associated with a slower rate of growth during the first 6.5 postpartum months. This postnatal growth retardation wa s associated with maternal drinking during a critical period-the latte r part of gestation-and was not related to drinking at the time of con ception or to postnatal exposure to alcohol from breast-feeding. By co ntrast, smoking and cocaine use during pregnancy were associated with faster postnatal weight gain. Although maternal smoking was correlated with shorter stature at 6.5 and 13 months, this effect was attributab le to maternal drinking during pregnancy, suggesting that the associat ion of maternal smoking with shorter childhood stature reported elsewh ere may be due to prenatal alcohol exposure, which was not controled i n prior studies.