ENVIRONMENTAL-MODEL STUDIES FOR THE ISTANBUL MASTER-PLAN .1. HYDRODYNAMICAL DESIGN BASIS AND MARINE DISPOSAL OF WASTE-WATER

A modelling study of the hydrodynamics and spreading of wastewater fro m existing and future outfalls in the Bosphorus region has been conduc ted applying a 3-Dimensional model. The modelling is based on SYSTEM 3 , which is a general modelling system for baroclinic flow simulating u nsteady currents, waterlevels, salinity and temperature within the mod el area. The model set-up covers the Black Sea-Bosphorus-Marmara Sea j unction area. The set-up is calibrated by data from a dedicated field program and previous field experience, The model is designed to descri be the characteristic features of the flow in the junction area such a s the effects of variations in waterlevel differences between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea on the important two-layer structure in t he strait and the flow fields generated by the upper layer jet in the Bosphorus-Marmara junction, This model has been applied for evaluation of disposal of wastewater and for the subsequent water quality studie s. The general use of a baroclinic 3-D hydrodynamic model to simulate disposal of wastewater is discussed. Examples of the application of th e model of the junction area to evaluate the different strategies for disposal of wastewater are presented.