The financial demise of Oxford's department of neurosurgery (OxDONS) w
as precipitated by the financial rules of the reformed NHS. In particu
lar it was produced by the failure of ''resources to follow patients''
; the requirement that ''prices have to follow costs''; and the use of
private income for revenue expenditure, not capital expenditure. This
process will eventually affect all hospital departments, but it affec
ted the unit in Oxford sooner as it Started as ''efficient''--that is,
underresourced--and has depended on income from extracontractual refe
rrals and private work. Current NHS accounting rules act as a disincen
tive to private income being generated in NHS hospitals, and consultan
ts should be aware of this.