Gc. Actis et al., HEPATOTOXICITY OF INTRAVENOUS CYCLOSPORINE-A IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ULCERATIVE-COLITIS ON TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION, Liver, 15(6), 1995, pp. 320-323
A group of 24 patients underwent a 7-14-day course of continuously inf
used Cyclosporin A (2 mg kg(-1). day(-1)) to treat a severe attack of
ulcerative colitis. In 19 of them, including eight treated with total
parenteral nutrition, we retrospectively analyzed the serum aminotrans
ferase (AST/ALT) levels at the beginning and at the end of Cyclosporin
infusion. The baseline levels of AST/ALT in the group were 19.9+/-3.2
and 31.4+/-6.4; on stopping Cyclosporin infusion, they were 43+/-15.8
and 119+/-56, respectively. Six patients showed an ALT change above 1
.5 times the upper limit of reference. They included five of the eight
patients treated with total parenteral nutrition (62.5%). In one of t
he six, ALT rose to 1000 U/l and was accompanied by full-blown febrile
cholangitis (proven by liver biopsy). This episode was preceded by ex
cessive accumulation of Cyclosporin in blood. The development of liver
toxicity was independent of the length of Cyclosporin treatment, nor
did it impair drug efficacy. Thus, in these patients total parenteral
nutrition and Cyclosporin were synergistic, causing twice the frequenc
y of liver damage (62.5%) reported for ulcerative colitis patients on
total parenteral nutrition alone (37%). Total parenteral nutrition sho
uld not be used to support patients needing Cyclosporin for autoimmune
disease. However, too high a dose of Cyclosporin may cause liver dise
ase per se.