Introduction: Recent investigations indicate that in 50% of patients w
ith gastric cancer, beta-hCG-positive cells can be found in the tumour
by immunohistochemical investigations. The objective of this study wa
s to investigate how often beta-hCG-immunoreactive gastric carcinomas
were accompanied by an elevation in serum beta-hCG, that could have be
en used as a course control variable. Methods: In 54 patients with gas
tric carcinoma a monoclonal antibody directed against beta-hCG was use
d for immunohistochemical marking in the APAAP system. The evaluation
was graded positive or negative. In parallel, serum beta-hCG was deter
mined preoperatively using an enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). Tumour stage,
grading and tumour localization were determinants in the evaluation.
Results: We found that 41% (22 of 54) of the carcinomas induced a posi
tive immunohistochemical response to beta-hCG, regardless of their loc
ation in the stomach. In relation to tumour stage, a positive beta-hCG
immunoreactivity was apparent in 27% (6/22) of tumours without lymph
node or distant metastases (T1 - 4N0M0), in 54% (7/13) of tumours with
lymph node and without distant metastases (T1 - 4N greater than or eq
ual to 1M0) and in 47% (9/35) of tumours with distant metastases. Poor
ly differentiated tumours (G3-4) were positive in 42% (15/36) and well
-differentiated tumors (G1-2) in 39% (7/18) of cases. In only 1 patien
t was the beta-hCG level in serum elevated, however. Conclusions. beta
-hCG-Positive gastric carcinomas are found more frequently in advanced
tumour stages and poorly differentiated carcinomas. These carcinomas,
however, seem not to excrete beta-hCG in sufficient amounts to produc
e measurable serum values. Therefore, beta-hCG cannot be used a progno
stic factor or for course control. The relevance of beta-hCG expressio
n of tumour cells to the patients' prognosis remains obscure.