Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured during controlled and spontaneou
s ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure in newborn infa
nts in whom chronic lung disease later developed. The oxygen cost of b
reathing (the difference in VO2 between spontaneous and controlled ven
tilation) was significantly higher in infants with chronic lung diseas
e than in control infants (20.1% +/- 7.5% and 4.8% +/- 4.9% of VO2 dur
ing spontaneous ventilation (p < 0.05), respectively).