The problem of benign biliary disease is one that causes significant m
orbidity and social economic strain in the western world. The classica
l treatment, cholecystectomy, has been challenged by various medical a
nd surgical techniques ina seemingly random nature. The development of
the treatment of gall stone disease is reviewed by analysis of publis
hed studies over the last 20 years. The advantages and disadvantages a
re discussed as an overview and summary of the current management of g
all stone disease in the light of our knowledge of its malignant poten
tial.