Subgaleal hematoma, also known as subaponeurotic hemorrhage, is a seri
ous complication of birth that is associated with vacuum-assisted deli
very. Despite a high rate of mortality associated with subgaleal hemat
oma, it has received relatively little attention in the medical litera
ture. Lack of awareness may lead to delayed diagnosis and serious cons
equences for infants. This paper is a report of six cases and a litera
ture review. Prevention and early recognition and treatment of the con
dition can occur only with increased practitioner awareness of this en
tity.