ECONOMIC-GROWTH IN A CROSS-SECTION OF CITIES

We examine the relationship between urban characteristics in 1960 and urban growth between 1960 and 1990. Income and population growth move together, and both types of growth are (1) positively related to initi al schooling, (2) negatively related to initial unemployment, and (3) negatively related to the initial share of employment in manufacturing . Racial composition and segregation are uncorrelated with urban growt h across all cities, but in cities with large nonwhite communities seg regation is positively correlated with population growth. Government e xpenditures (except for sanitation) are uncorrelated with growth; gove rnment debt is positively correlated with later growth.