M. Peisach et al., PIXE YIELD ENHANCEMENT OF METAL FLUORIDES UNDER BOMBARDMENT WITH CHARGED-PARTICLES, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry, 178(2), 1994, pp. 387-397
The abnormally high yields of X-rays from metal fluorides were conside
red to be charge related or due to the prompt gamma rays from the deca
y of coulomb excitation of the F-19 nucleus. A detailed study with sin
gly and doubly charged helium-3 ions confirmed the exceptionally high
enhancement of the metal X-rays from the fluorides, but the mechanism
favoured a discharge process from charge build-up in the insulating ta
rgets.