PHASE INVERSION IN NONIONIC SURFACTANT OIL-WATER SYSTEMS .3. THE EFFECT OF THE OIL-PHASE VISCOSITY ON CATASTROPHIC INVERSION AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DROP SIZES PRESENT BEFORE AND AFTER CATASTROPHIC INVERSION
Bw. Brooks et Hn. Richmond, PHASE INVERSION IN NONIONIC SURFACTANT OIL-WATER SYSTEMS .3. THE EFFECT OF THE OIL-PHASE VISCOSITY ON CATASTROPHIC INVERSION AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DROP SIZES PRESENT BEFORE AND AFTER CATASTROPHIC INVERSION, Chemical Engineering Science, 49(11), 1994, pp. 1843-1853
Catastrophic-phase inversion has been studied in surfactant-oil-water
(S-O-W) systems. Polyisobutene was dissolved in cyclohexane in order t
o change the viscosity of the oil phase. The effect of oil-phase visco
sity and stirrer speed on drop sizes before inversion, at the inversio
n point, and after inversion has been examined. It is shown that the f
ormation of drops within drops (O/W/O) can give rise to a close packed
system at the inversion point. Most attention has been given to the i
nversion W/O to O/W. There is evidence that the mechanism of drop form
ation changes as the oil viscosity increases; a change in Reynold's nu
mber affects the drop type. The effective volume fraction of the dispe
rsed phase is increased by the formation of O/W/O drops; this did not
occur at low viscosity for the class of surfactant used here. The volu
me fraction of water required for inversion decreased as the oil visco
sity increased. Before inversion, when the viscosity of the oil is 0.0
25 N s m-2, drop diameter, D(owo), is given by D(owo) = 0.08 exp (5f(w
)/2) N-0.8 indicating that drop coalescence controls drop size. As the
oil-phase viscosity increases, the relationship D(owo) is-proportiona
l-to mu(c)-0.35N-0.75 is observed. After inversion, D(ow) is-proportio
nal-to N-0.8 and D(ow) is related to D(owo) but D(owo) decreases with
increase of oil viscosity, whereas D(ow) increases with oil viscosity.
Analysis predicts a relationship between D(owo) and D(ow), a minimum
value for D(owo) and a correlation between D(owo) and the volume fract
ion of the dispersed phase at inversion. When the oil-phase viscosity
is high, the inversion O/W to W/O does not have the same mechanism as
the inversion W/O to O/W.