The ''self-organizing map'' method, due to Kohonen, is a well-known ne
ural network method. It is closely related to cluster analysis (partit
ioning) and other methods of data analysis. In this article, we explor
e some of these close relationships. A number of properties of the tec
hnique are discussed. Comparisons with various methods of data analysi
s (principal components analysis, k-means clustering, and others) are
presented.