STRUCTURE DETERMINATION, CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS, CHEMICAL-STABILITY STUDIES, AND ANTITUMOR EVALUATION OF THE CRYPTOPHYCINS - ISOLATION OF 18 NEW ANALOGS FROM NOSTOC SP STRAIN GSV-224
T. Golakoti et al., STRUCTURE DETERMINATION, CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS, CHEMICAL-STABILITY STUDIES, AND ANTITUMOR EVALUATION OF THE CRYPTOPHYCINS - ISOLATION OF 18 NEW ANALOGS FROM NOSTOC SP STRAIN GSV-224, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 117(49), 1995, pp. 12030-12049
Using a modified isolation procedure devoid of methanol, 18 new cyclic
cryptophycins have been isolated from Nostoc sp. GSV 224 as minor con
stituents in addition to cryptophycins-1 (A), -2 (B), -3 (C), and -4 (
D). Acyclic cryptophycins are not found, indicating that the previousl
y reported cryptophycins-5 (E methyl ester), -6 (F methyl ester), and
-7 (G) are artifacts produced as a consequence of using methanol in th
e isolation scheme. Seventeen of the new cyclic analogs differ in stru
cture in either one of the two hydroxy acid units, viz. unit A ,8-epox
y-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-phenyl-2(E)-octenoic acid for cryptophycin-1 or
-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-phenyl-2(E),7(E)-octadienoic acid for cryptophy
cin-3] and unit D [(2S)-2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acid], or one of the
two amino acid units, viz. unit B (2R)-2-amino-3-(3-chloro-4-methoxyp
henyl)propionic acid] and unit C [(2R)3-amino-2-methylpropionic acid],
found in the cyclic ABCD peptolide. In unit A of cryptophycins-26, -2
8, -30, and -40, the methyl group on C-6 is missing or the Delta(2)-do
uble bond is hydrated. In unit B of cryptophycins-16, -17, -23, 31, -4
3, and -45, the aromatic ring is phenolic and/or possesses two or zero
chlorines. In unit C of cryptophycins-21 and -29, the methyl group on
C-2 is missing. In unit D of cryptophycins-18, -19, -49, -50, and -54
, a different alkyl group (propyl, isopropyl, or sec-butyl) is attache
d to C-2. Only one of the new analogs, cryptophycin-24, differs in str
ucture for two units by lacking chlorine in unit B and the methyl grou
p in unit C. Revised structures are presented for cryptophycins-5, -6,
and -7 and are correlated with cryptophycin-3, the relative stereoche
mistry of which has been further rigorously established by X-ray cryst
allography. NOE studies show that the preferred conformations of most
cryptophycins in solution differ from the conformation of cryptophycin
-3 in the crystal state. Although cryptophycin-1 is relatively stable
at pH 7, both in ionic and nonionic media, the ester bond linking unit
s C and D is fairly labile to solvolysis and mild base hydrolysis. Str
ucture-activity relationship studies indicate that the intact macrolid
e ring, the epoxide group, the chloro and 0-methyl groups in unit B, a
nd the methyl group in unit C are needed for the in vivo activity of c
ryptophycin-1.