TRENDS IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS OF COMMON PATHOGENS IN CHILDHOOD SEPTICEMIA IN NIGERIA - EXPERIENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY-OF-MAIDUGURI-TEACHING-HOSPITAL, NIGERIA, 1991-1994

1991 to 1994, Staphylococcus auiells, untyped Coliform spp and Salmone lla spp., other Enterobacteriaceae and other bacteria were isolated fr om 40.7%, 37.6%, 19.5% and 2.2%, respectively, of 225 confirmed cases of septicaemia in postneonatal infants and children. Overall, 98.9%, 7 2.8%, 70.8%, 87.9%, 4.3%, 79.3%, 42.6%, 17.6% and 40.6%, respectively, of pathogens were sensitive to oflaxacin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, am oxicillincavulante, ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazol e, and chloramphenicol. The resistance of S. aureus to ceftazidime and cloxacillin, and of Enterobacteriaceae to cefuroxime, has increased b ut multi-drug resistance is apparently not a major problem presently. Chloramphenicol has remained clinically an effective treatment for ent eric fever, despite the high prevalence of in vitro resistance, and sh ould remain the drug of choice. The sustained effectiveness of gentami cin should make it useful for combination with either a potentiated br oad-spectrum penicillin or a second or third-generation cephalosporin for the treatment of septicaemia including those situations in which t he causative bacteria has not yet been identified. Oflaxacin, although not normally recommended for use in children, could be a potential 'r escue' drug should multi-drug resistance become a serious problem; mor e clinical experience with its use in children is urgently needed.