This article is the 17th installment of our annual review of research
concerning the opiate system. It includes papers published during 1994
involving the behavioral, nonanalgesic, effects of the endogenous opi
ate peptides. The specific topics covered this year include stress; to
lerance and dependence; eating; drinking; gastrointestinal, renal, and
hepatic function: mental illness and mood; learning, memory, and rewa
rd; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; seizur
es and other neurological disorders; electrical-related activity; gene
ral activity and locomotion; sex, pregnancy, and development; immunolo
gical responses; and other behaviors.