Ma. Dominguezlerma et al., RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION IN BINARY-MIXTURES WITH SEPARATION RATIOS NEAR ZERO, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics, 52(6), 1995, pp. 6159-6174
We present an experimental study of convection in binary mixtures with
separation ratios psi close to zero. Measurements of the Hopf frequen
cy for psi < 0 were used to determine the relationship between psi and
the mass concentration x with high precision. These results are consi
stent with but more precise than earlier measurements by conventional
techniques. For psi > 0, we found that the pattern close to on-set con
sisted of squares. Our data give the threshold of convection r(c)-R(c)
/R(c0) (R(c) is the critical Rayleigh number of the mixture and Reo th
at of the pure fluid) from measurements of the refractive-index power
of the pattern as revealed by a very sensitive quantitative shadowgrap
h method. Over the range psi less than or similar to 0.011, correspond
ing to r(c) greater than or similar to 0.2, these results are in good
agreement with linear stability analysis. The measured refractive-inde
x power varies by six orders of magnitude as a function of r and for r
R 0. 55 is in reasonable agreement with predictions based on the ten-
mode Lorenz-like Galerkin truncation of Muller and Lucke [H. W. Muller
and M. Lucke, Phys. Rev. A38, 2965 (1988)]. For smaller r, the model
predicts a cancellation between contributions to the refractive index
from concentration and temperature variations, which does not seem to
occur in the physical system. Determinations of the wave numbers of th
e patterns near onset are consistent with the theoretically predicted
small critical wave numbers at positive psi. As r approaches one, we f
ind that q approaches the critical wave number q(c0)similar or equal t
o 3 of the pure fluid.