The quality of data depends on various factors, e.g., accuracy, precis
ion, consistency, and linkage. Beside these factors, the definition of
the reliability of data will be discussed in detail. In the data qual
ity management it is necessary to estimate the values of the quality c
omponents before the realization of the database (a priori estimation)
in the period of the design of databases. It is required to have redu
ndance in the data for the a posteriori estimation of the quality comp
onents in the control period. In the paper some mathematical-statistic
al methods for the a priori and a posteriori estimation of data qualit
y are presented Along with the theoretical foundation, some examples a
nd numerical values will be given, too.