The recent improvement in radiation techniques and the associated sign
ificant prolongation of survival have resulted in a widespread utiliza
tion of mediastinal irradiation in patients with various neoplasms. Ho
wever, a large number of experimental and clinical studies have clearl
y demonstrated that high-dose therapeutic mediastinal irradiation can
produce delayed, severe cardiovascular disease. This review presents t
he data from the Literature regarding the pathogenesis, pathology, pre
valence and clinical manifestation of the radiation-related heart dise
ase.