Many different types of studies are being combined to provide an incre
asingly detailed picture of the bacterial chemotaxis system. The struc
tures of periplasmic receptors and a cytoplasmic response regulator, a
long with structures of domains of a membrane receptor, a receptor-mod
ifying enzyme and a cytoplasmic histidine kinase, have been determined
. These structures provide a basis for Other work which is likely to o
pen up new structural avenues.