Some of the complications associated with the use of transpedicular sc
rews for spinal fusions include the large diameters of the screws and
screw breakage in vivo. Recent advances in multidisciplinary design op
timization techniques have provided a unique approach to incorporate t
he structural, biological, and manufacturing disciplines involved in t
he design process of spinal screws, allowing the development of smalle
r and safer transpedicular screws.