A. Depaor, CONTROL OF THE DOUBLE INTEGRATOR PROCESS - A CAUTIONARY TALE IN DISCRETIZATION, International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, 32(4), 1995, pp. 307-318
Starting with a double integrator under analog PID control, various di
scretization options are explored using Program CC. Asymptotic stabili
ty is achieved in only three cases out of seven. The failures are expl
ained. The analog controller is then redesigned by applying a lowpass
filter to the derivative term, and asymptotic stability results in all
seven cases, though with inferior dynamics in one.