HAPPINESS HAS TRAITLIKE AND STATE-LIKE PROPERTIES - A REPLY TO VEENHOVEN

Veenhoven (1994) contrasted hypotheses of whether happiness is a trait or state, concluding that it is a state variable. This article critiq ues the conceptual foundation of Veenhoven's paper, and examines techn ical deficiencies in his review of evidence. Based on previous finding s and new analyses, we conclude that happiness has both traitlike and statelike properties, but that individual differences in happiness end ure despite its situational reactivity, and explain greater variance t han situational effects.