CORRECTION OF POSTRENAL TRANSPLANT ERYTHROCYTOSIS BY ENALAPRIL

We studied whether post-renal transplant erythrocytosis (PRTE) could b e corrected by enalapril with minimal side-effects, thus avoiding iter ative phlebotomies or bilateral nephrectomy of native kidneys. From ou r renal transplant patients, 12 presented a true PRTE as defined by a 51-Cr red blood cell mass (RBCM) above 32 ml/kg for women and above 36 ml/kg for men. Secondary polycythemia was ruled out: all the patients had a normal renal artery pulsed ultrasonography; in all cases the bl ood arterial O2 saturation was above 96%. Bone marrow aspiration and h istology were performed for each patient: none of them showed evidence of Vaquez disease. All of them had stable renal function i.e. the mea n serum creatinine was 112.8 +/- 26.3 mu mol/l. They all received the same immunosuppression: azathioprine; ciclosporine A; methylprednisolo ne. PRTE occurred within the first year post transplant (median 7.5 mo nths; range: 2-34). Their mean RBCM was 37.38 +/- 2.7 ml/kg. Their mea n serum value of Epo was 17.41 +/- 13.5 mU/ml (range: 9.1-54). After i nformed consent, all patients received enalapril starting with 5 mg/da y, progressively increased to 20 mg/day, if necessary, in order to mai ntain the hematocrit below 45%. The mean daily dosage of enalapril was 13.75 +/- 6.1.mg (range: 5-20). The mean follow-up was 14.8 months (r ange: 3.5-29.5). There was no change in renal function (mean serum cre atinine: 126.3+/-35 mu mol/l). A successful response to enalapril was obtained with a median of 40 days (range: 20-120). 11 patients out of 12 responded to enalapril with a decrease of Hb (14 +/-2 g/dl vs 16.8 +/- 1.04 g/dl; p = 0.0006) and Ht (41.9 +/- 6.17% vs 51.14 +/- 2%; p = 0.0002) without a significant decrease of Epo (8.1 +/- 3.87; p = 0.1) . One patient did not respond to enalapril nor to captopril, but did r espond to a combined treatment of enalapril and theophilline. Moreover , all PRTE patients but two did not have Epo levels, before enalapril, above the normal range, suggesting mechanisms other than Epo overprod uction by native kidneys i.e. erythropoiesis dysregulation. In conclus ion, all patients but one were successfully treated by enalapril witho ut side effects. The treatment was effective as early as 3 weeks from the start and avoided the need for iterative phlebotomies and nephrect omy of native kidneys.