LOW-HEAD BUBBLER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS .1. DESIGN

Low-head bubbler systems differ from other micro-irrigation systems be cause they are based on gravity-flow, can operate at pressures as low as 1 m (3.3 ft) and do not require elaborate filtration systems, Despi te their simplicity and advantages, low-head bubbler systems lack a we ll-defined design procedure to facilitate design and installation. A c omprehensive design procedure for low-headbubbler systems is presented and an example gradual slope design is given in detail. The design pr ocedure utilizes head loss gradient charts based on the Darcy-Weisbach equation and the delivery hose elevations are calculated from the ene rgy equation.